Chapter+10+-+Terms+&+People

Chapter 10 Key Terms & People

totalitarianism − theory of government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people

Joseph Stalin − dictator and head of the Communist Party in Russia

Benito Mussolini − founder of the Fascist Party and Italian dictator

Adolf Hitler − leader of the Nazi Party in Germany who seized power and attempted world domination

anti-Semitic − prejudiced against Jewish people

Spanish Civil War − Spanish conflict fought from 1936 to 1939

appeasement − policy of granting concessions to a potential enemy in the hope that it will maintain peace

Anschluss − union in which Hitler forced Austria to become part of Germany’s territory

Munich Pact − agreement in which Britain and France attempted to preserve peace by allowing Hitler to take more territory

blitzkrieg − lightning war

Axis Powers − Germany, Italy, Japan, and other nations that fought together during World War II

Allies − Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and other nations that fought against the Axis Powers during World War II

Winston Churchill − British prime minister during World War II

Neutrality Act of 1939 − American law that allowed nations at war to buy U.S. arms if they paid cash and carried them away on their own ships

Tripartite Pact − three-party agreement establishing an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan

Lend-Lease Act − American law that allowed the U.S. to lend, lease, sell, or otherwise provide aid to other nations if doing so helped in the defense of the United States

Atlantic Charter − document signed by Roosevelt and Churchill that endorsed national self-determination and an international system of general security

Hideki Tojo − Japanese general and prime minister during World War II

Pearl Harbor − site in Hawaii of the United States Navy’s main Pacific base

WAC − Women’s Army Corps; volunteer organization that provided clerical workers, truck drivers, instructors, and lab technicians for the army

Douglas MacArthur − general who served as commander of United States Army forces in Asia

Bataan Death March − grueling march in which Japanese troops forced sick and malnourished prisoners of war to walk more than 60 miles to prison camps

Battle of Coral Sea − battle that provided a strategic American victory and marked the key role of aircraft carriers and fighter planes in the war in the Pacific