Chapter+11+-+Terms+&+People

Chapter 11 Key Terms & People

Dwight Eisenhower − American general and commander of Allied forces

George S. Patton, Jr. − American general and tank commander

unconditional surrender − giving up completely without any concessions

saturation bombing − dropping massive amounts of bombs to inflict maximum damage

strategic bombing − dropping bombs on key targets to destroy the enemy’s capacity to make war

Tuskegee Airmen − African American fighter squadron

Chester Nimitz − Commander of the U.S. Navy in the Pacific

Battle of Midway − American victory and turning point of the war in the Pacific

A. Philip Randolph − African American labor leader

Executive Order 8802 − measure that assured fair hiring practices in jobs funded with government money

bracero program − program in which laborers were brought from Mexico to work on American farms

internment − temporary imprisonment

Korematsu v. United States − Supreme Court case that upheld the government’s wartime internment policy

442nd Regimental Combat Team − Japanese American combat team that became the most decorated military unit in American history

rationing − system that limits the amount of certain goods people can buy

OWI − Office of War Information, encouraged support of the war effort

D-Day − June 6, 1944, the day Allied forces invaded France

Battle of the Bulge − German counterattack that failed, resulting in an Allied victory

Harry S. Truman − President during the end of World War II

island hopping − American strategy of capturing selected islands in the Pacific in a steady path to Japan

kamikaze − Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed their planes into American ships

Albert Einstein − world-famous scientist who alerted Roosevelt of the need to develop atomic weapons

Manhattan Project − code name for the program to develop an atomic bomb

J. Robert Oppenheimer − key leader of the Manhattan Project

Holocaust − Nazi attempt to kill Jews and others considered “undesirable”

Nuremberg Laws − German laws discriminating against Jews

Kristallnacht − night of organized violence in which Jews were arrested and killed and synagogues and Jewish businesses destroyed

genocide − willful annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group

concentration camp − camp where members of specially designated groups were confined

death camp − concentration camp where prisoners were systematically exterminated

War Refugee Board − U.S. board that worked with the Red Cross to save Jews